我正在使用 CRTP 为继承的类添加克隆方法，例如:

class Base 
{
     virtual ~Base() {};
     virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
}; 

template<class Derived> class BaseCopyable : Base
{ 
public:
    virtual Base* clone() const
    {
        return new Derived(static_cast<Derived const&>(*this));
    }
};

class A : public BaseCopyable<A>;
class B : public BaseCopyable<B>;
etc...

但是如果我有一个继承自 B 的类，例如:

class differentB : public B;

然后 clone() 不返回 differentB 类型的对象，它返回一个 B。除了在 differentB 中编写一个新的 clone() 方法之外，还有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？

感谢阅读!

最佳答案

这是我对 this question 的回答的返工

你的意图是让所有的派生类都在你的层次结构中 从它们的基类继承可克隆性(多态拷贝)所以 你也不需要为他们每个人提供一个覆盖 的 clone() ，但是您尝试使用类模板的 CRTP 解决方案 BaseCopyable只能以这种方式赋予可克隆性 立即派生自 Base 的类，而不是派生类 来自此类派生类。

我不认为不可能将克隆能力传播到 通过在 最顶层的具体类。你必须明确地将它赋予每个 具体的类，但是你可以通过它们的基类来做到这一点，并且 无需重复覆盖 clone() , 通过使用 CRTP 将可克隆性从父类传递给子类的模板 层次结构。

显然，符合此要求的 CRTP 模板将不同于 BaseCopyable 通过要求两个模板参数:父类型和子类型。

C++03的解决方案如下程序所示:

#include <iostream>

// As base of D, this makes D inherit B and makes D cloneable to
// a polymorphic pointer to B
template<class B, class D>
struct cloner : virtual B
{
    virtual B *clone() const {
        return new D(dynamic_cast<D const&>(*this));
    }
    virtual ~cloner() {}       
};

struct Base 
{
    virtual ~Base() {
         std::cout << "I was a Base" << std::endl;
    };
    virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
}; 

struct A : cloner<Base,A> // A inherits Base
{
    virtual ~A() {
         std::cout << "I was an A" << std::endl;
    };
};

struct B : cloner<Base,B> // B inherits Base
{
    virtual ~B() {
         std::cout << "I was a B" << std::endl;
    };
};

struct DB : cloner<B,DB> // DB inherits B, Base
{
    virtual ~DB() {
         std::cout << "I was a DB" << std::endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base * pBaseA = new A;
    Base * pBaseB = new B;
    Base * pBaseDB = new DB;
    Base * pBaseCloneOfA = pBaseA->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfB = pBaseB->clone();
    Base *pBaseCloneOfDB = pBaseDB->clone();
    B * pBCloneOfDB = dynamic_cast<B*>(pBaseDB->clone());
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseA" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseDB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfA" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseCloneOfA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfB" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseCloneOfB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfDB" << std::endl;    
    delete pBaseCloneOfDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBCloneOfDB" << std::endl;   
    delete pBCloneOfDB;
    return 0;
}

输出是:

deleting pBaseA
I was an A
I was a Base
deleting pBaseB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfA
I was an A
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBCloneOfDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base

假设所有涉及的类都是默认可构造的，B 不必是 cloner<B,D> 的虚拟基础你可以删除 virtual 来自 struct cloner : virtual B 的关键字.否则，B必须是虚拟基地 这样 B 的非默认构造函数可以被 D 的构造函数调用, 虽然B不是 D 的直接基础.

在 C++11 中，我们有可变参数模板，你可以不用 virtual 完全通过家具继承cloner<B,D>具有“多用途” 模板构造函数，通过它可以转发任意构造函数 来自 D 的参数至 B .这是一个例子:

#include <iostream>

template<class B, class D>
struct cloner : B
{
    B *clone() const override {
        return new D(dynamic_cast<D const&>(*this));
    }
    ~cloner() override {}
    // "All purpose constructor"
    template<typename... Args>
    explicit cloner(Args... args)
    : B(args...){}  
};

struct Base 
{
    explicit Base(int i)
    : _i(i){}   
    virtual ~Base() {
         std::cout << "I was a Base storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
    virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
protected:
    int _i;
}; 

struct A : cloner<Base,A>
{
    explicit A(int i)
    : cloner<Base,A>(i){}
    ~A() override {
         std::cout << "I was an A storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

struct B : cloner<Base,B>
{
    explicit B(int i)
    : cloner<Base,B>(i){}
    ~B() override {
         std::cout << "I was a B storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

struct DB : cloner<B,DB>
{
    explicit DB(int i)
    : cloner<B,DB>(i){}
    ~DB() override {
         std::cout << "I was a DB storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base * pBaseA = new A(1);
    Base * pBaseB = new B(2);
    Base * pBaseDB = new DB(3);
    Base * pBaseCloneOfA = pBaseA->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfB = pBaseB->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfDB = pBaseDB->clone();
    B * pBCloneOfDB = dynamic_cast<B*>(pBaseDB->clone());
    std::cout << "deleting pA" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseA;
    std::cout << "deleting pB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseB;
    std::cout << "deleting pDB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfA" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseCloneOfA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfB" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseCloneOfB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfDB" << std::endl;    
    delete pBaseCloneOfDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBCloneOfDB" << std::endl;   
    delete pBCloneOfDB;
    return 0;
}

输出是:

deleting pA
I was an A storing 1
I was a Base storing 1
deleting pB
I was a B storing 2
I was a Base storing 2
deleting pDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3
deleting pBaseCloneOfA
I was an A storing 1
I was a Base storing 1
deleting pBaseCloneOfB
I was a B storing 2
I was a Base storing 2
deleting pBaseCloneOfDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3
deleting pBCloneOfDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3

关于c++ - 奇怪的重复模板模式多态拷贝中的继承 (C++)，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9422760/