我构建了一个简单的 SOAP java 应用程序(服务器端)，我正在使用 Glassfish4,JPA/EclipseLink,EJB。我在 Glassfish 中设置了数据库连接(资源/池)。请建议一些设计模式/知识，以利用单个应用程序中的多个数据库。创建多个持久性单元是多重访问的好主意吗？或者还有其他优化方案吗？ 我有一个通用的数据库访问类。

public class GenericDAO<T> {

/*
* private static final EntityManagerFactory emf =
* Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("icanPU"); private EntityManager
* em;
*/
/*
* Persistence context is injected with following @PersistenceContext
* annotation. This uses all persistence configurations as specified in the
* persistence.xml.
* 
* Note this kind of injection can only be done for JTA data sources.
*/
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "SavingBalanceDemoServer_PU")
private EntityManager em;
private Class<T> entityClass;

public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return this.em;
}

public void joinTransaction() {
/* em = emf.createEntityManager(); */
em.joinTransaction();
}

public GenericDAO(Class<T> entityClass) {
this.entityClass = entityClass;
}

public void save(T entity) {
em.persist(entity);
}

// Added by Sudeep for bulk Insert of List object.
public void saveList(List<T> objList) {
for (Iterator<T> iterator = objList.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
T t = (T) iterator.next();
em.persist(t);
}
}

public void delete(Object id, Class<T> classe) {
T entityToBeRemoved = em.getReference(classe, id);

em.remove(entityToBeRemoved);
}

public T update(T entity) {
return em.merge(entity);
}

public int truncateUsingNative(String tableName) {
Query qry = em.createNativeQuery("TRUNCATE TABLE " + tableName);

return qry.executeUpdate();
}

// Added by Sudeep for bulk Update of List object.
public void updateList(List<T> entity) {
for (Iterator<T> iterator = entity.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
T t = (T) iterator.next();
em.merge(t);
}
}

public T find(int entityID) {
// em.getEntityManagerFactory().getCache().evict(entityClass, entityID);
return em.find(entityClass, entityID);
}

public T find(long entityID) {
// em.getEntityManagerFactory().getCache().evict(entityClass, entityID);
return em.find(entityClass, entityID);
}

public T find(Object compositePkObject) {
// em.getEntityManagerFactory().getCache().evict(entityClass, entityID);
return em.find(entityClass, compositePkObject);
}

public T findReferenceOnly(int entityID) {
return em.getReference(entityClass, entityID);
}

// Using the unchecked because JPA does not have a
// em.getCriteriaBuilder().createQuery()<T> method
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public List<T> findAll() {
CriteriaQuery cq = null;
if (isDbAccessible()) {
try {
cq = em.getCriteriaBuilder().createQuery();
cq.select(cq.from(entityClass));
return em.createQuery(cq).getResultList();
} catch (org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.DatabaseException ex) {
System.out.println("The zzz error is :" + ex.toString());
/*JSFMessageUtil jsfMessageUtil = new JSFMessageUtil();
jsfMessageUtil
.sendErrorMessageToUser("Database Server is unavailable or not accessible! Please, contact your system admin!");*/
return null;
}
}
return null;
}

private boolean isDbAccessible() {
return em.isOpen();
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> findAllWithGivenCondition(String namedQuery,
Map<String, Object> parameters) {
List<T> result = null;
Query query = em.createNamedQuery(namedQuery);

if (parameters != null && !parameters.isEmpty()) {
populateQueryParameters(query, parameters);
}

result = (List<T>) query.getResultList();

return result;
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> findAllWithGivenConditionLazyLoading(String namedQuery,
Map<String, Object> parameters,int startingAt, int maxPerPage) {
List<T> result = null;
Query query = em.createNamedQuery(namedQuery);

if (parameters != null && !parameters.isEmpty()) {
populateQueryParameters(query, parameters);
}
query.setFirstResult(startingAt);
query.setMaxResults(maxPerPage);

result = (List<T>) query.getResultList();

return result;

}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> findAllWithGivenConditionJpql(String jpql,
Map<String, Object> parameters) {
List<T> result = null;
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);

if (parameters != null && !parameters.isEmpty()) {
populateQueryParameters(query, parameters);
}

result = (List<T>) query.getResultList();

return result;
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T findOneWithGivenConditionJpql(String jpql,
Map<String, Object> parameters) {
Query query = em.createQuery(jpql);

if (parameters != null && !parameters.isEmpty()) {
populateQueryParameters(query, parameters);
}
return (T) query.getSingleResult();
}

// Using the unchecked because JPA does not have a
// query.getSingleResult()<T> method
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected T findOneResult(String namedQuery, Map<String, Object> parameters) {
T result = null;

try {
if (!em.isOpen()) {
/*JSFMessageUtil jsfMessageUtil = new JSFMessageUtil();
jsfMessageUtil
.sendErrorMessageToUser("Database Server is unavailable or not accessible! Please, contact your system admin!");*/
} else {
Query query = em.createNamedQuery(namedQuery);

// Method that will populate parameters if they are passed not
// null and empty
if (parameters != null && !parameters.isEmpty()) {
populateQueryParameters(query, parameters);
}

result = (T) query.getSingleResult();
}

} catch (NoResultException e) {
// JSFMessageUtil jsfMessageUtil = new JSFMessageUtil();
// jsfMessageUtil.sendErrorMessageToUser("No Information Found...!");

// e.printStackTrace();
return null;
} catch (org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.DatabaseException e) {
/*JSFMessageUtil jsfMessageUtil = new JSFMessageUtil();
jsfMessageUtil
.sendErrorMessageToUser("Database Server is unavailable or not accessible!");*/
e.printStackTrace();
}

return result;
}

private void populateQueryParameters(Query query,
Map<String, Object> parameters) {
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : parameters.entrySet()) {
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}

/**
* @param startingAt
* @param maxPerPage
* @param t
* @return list of persisted entities which belong to this class t
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getAllLazyEntities(int startingAt, int maxPerPage, Class<T> t) {
// regular query that will search for players in the db
Query query = getEntityManager().createQuery(
"select p from " + t.getName() + " p");
query.setFirstResult(startingAt);
query.setMaxResults(maxPerPage);

return query.getResultList();
}

/**
* @param clazz
* @return count of existing entity rows from backend
*/
public int countTotalRows(Class<T> clazz) {
Query query = getEntityManager().createQuery(
"select COUNT(p) from " + clazz.getName() + " p");

Number result = (Number) query.getSingleResult();

return result.intValue();
}

/**
* @return count of existing entity rows from backend acccording to given
*         condition
*/
public int countTotalRowsWithCond(Class<T> clazz, String Cond) {
Query query = getEntityManager()
.createQuery(
"select COUNT(p) from " + clazz.getName() + " p "
        + Cond + "  ");

Number result = (Number) query.getSingleResult();

return result.intValue();
}
}

在 @PersistenceContext(unitName = "SavingBalanceDemoServer_PU") 中动态修改 unitName 是个好主意吗？请给我建议。

我的 persistence.xml 是:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="SavingBalanceDemoServer_PU"
transaction-type="JTA">
<provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
<jta-data-source>jdbc/simfin</jta-data-source>
<class>org.demo.model.MemRegMcgEntity</class>
<class>org.demo.model.SavAccHolderMcgEntity</class>
<class>org.demo.model.SavAccMcgEntity</class>
<class>org.demo.model.SavTransactionEntity</class>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

请在此文件中提出一些优化/更改建议。

我一直在使用 EJB 来利用 Generic 类。 例如:

@Stateless
public class MemberEJB extends GenericDAO<MemRegMcgEntity> {
/**
* @see GenericDAO#GenericDAO(Class<T>)
*/
public MemberEJB() {
super(MemRegMcgEntity.class);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public List<MemRegMcgEntity> getListOfMemberByName(String name){
Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<String, Object>();
parameters.put("memName", name+'%');

return super.findAllWithGivenCondition("Mem.getMemberByName", parameters);
}

}

客户端应用程序提供要使用的数据库名称，每个数据库都具有相同的结构。我只需要根据客户的要求访问多个数据库。

最佳答案

我们面临相同的用例，最终创建了多个持久化单元并构建了一个实体管理器工厂，该工厂根据客户端发送的参数返回正确的实体管理器(在我们的例子中作为枚举，Environment)。然后，我们不在客户端中注入(inject)持久性上下文，而是注入(inject)该工厂并调用 getEntityManager(environment)。

@Stateless
public class EntityManagerFactory {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "first_PU")
    EntityManager firstEm;

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "second_PU")
    EntityManager secondEm;

    public EntityManager getEntityManager(Environment env) {
        switch (env) {
        case THIS:
            return firstEm;
        case THAT:
            return secondEm;
        default:
            return null;
        }
    }
}

示例枚举:

public enum Environment{
    DEV, PROD
}

在您的情况下，GenericDAO 将以这种方式重构:

public class GenericDAO<T> {

    @EJB
    private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

    public void save(T entity, Environment env) {
        entityManagerFactory.getEntityManager(env).persist(entity);
    }

}

然后您的客户端将调用 dao.save(someEntity, Environment.DEV)。

您的 persistence.xml 最终会像这样:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">

    <persistence-unit name="first_PU" transaction-type="JTA">
        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <jta-data-source>jdbc/simfin_1</jta-data-source>
        <class>org.demo.model.MemRegMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavAccHolderMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavAccMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavTransactionEntity</class>
    </persistence-unit>

    <persistence-unit name="second_PU" transaction-type="JTA">
        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <jta-data-source>jdbc/simfin_2</jta-data-source>
        <class>org.demo.model.MemRegMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavAccHolderMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavAccMcgEntity</class>
        <class>org.demo.model.SavTransactionEntity</class>
    </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

关于java - 使用 JPA/EclipseLink/EJB 从 Java Web 应用程序访问多个数据库，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29557967/