背景

由于缺钱，我正在夜类的收费站工作，并使用互联网来教自己一些编码技能，希望明天能有更好的工作或网上销售我制作的一些应用程序。漫长的夜晚，很少的顾客。

我将多线程作为一个主题来解决，因为我在文学中(例如Android SDK)遇到了很多使用它的代码，但是我仍然觉得它晦涩难懂。

精神

在这一点上，我的方法是:尝试编写我能想到的最基本的多线程示例，将头撞到墙上，看看我是否可以使自己的大脑适应某种新颖的思维方式。我使自己处于极限，希望能超越极限。随意批评，挑剔，并指出更好的方法来做我想做的事情。

客观的

`Producer`    (a busy mum making chocolate-covered cakes for his child, up to a limit)
`Consumer`    (a hungry child waiting to eat all cakes the mum makes, until told to stop)
`SharedSpace` (a kitchen table on which the cakes are put as soon as they become ready)
`dataValue`   (a chocolate-dripping cake which MUST be eaten immediately or else...)

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
class Consumer extends Threaded {
  public Consumer(SharedSpace sharedSpace) {
    super(sharedSpace);
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    super.run();
    int consumedData = 0;
    while (consumedData != -1) {
      synchronized (sharedSpace) {
        logger.info("Acquired lock on sharedSpace.");
        consumedData = sharedSpace.dataValue;
        if (consumedData == 0) {
          try {
            logger.info("Data production has not started yet. "
                + "Releasing lock on sharedSpace, "
                + "until notification that it has begun.");
            sharedSpace.wait();
          } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
            logger.error(interruptedException.getStackTrace().toString());
          }
        } else if (consumedData == -1) {
          logger.info("Consumed: END (end of data production token).");
        } else {
          logger.info("Consumed: {}.", consumedData);
          logger.info("Waking up producer to continue data production.");
          sharedSpace.notify();
          try {
            logger.info("Releasing lock on sharedSpace "
                + "until notified of new data availability.");
            sharedSpace.wait();
          } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
            logger.error(interruptedException.getStackTrace().toString());
          }
        }
      }
    }
    logger.info("Signing off.");
  }
}
class Producer extends Threaded {
  private static final int N_ITERATIONS = 10;
  public Producer(SharedSpace sharedSpace) {
    super(sharedSpace);
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    super.run();
    int nIterations = 0;
    while (nIterations <= N_ITERATIONS) {
      synchronized (sharedSpace) {
        logger.info("Acquired lock on sharedSpace.");
        nIterations++;
        if (nIterations <= N_ITERATIONS) {
          sharedSpace.dataValue = nIterations;
          logger.info("Produced: {}", nIterations);
        } else {
          sharedSpace.dataValue = -1;
          logger.info("Produced: END (end of data production token).");
        }
        logger.info("Waking up consumer for data consumption.");
        sharedSpace.notify();
        if (nIterations <= N_ITERATIONS) {
          try {
            logger.info("Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.");
            sharedSpace.wait();
          } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
            logger.error(interruptedException.getStackTrace().toString());
          }
        }
      }
    }
    logger.info("Signing off.");
  }
}
class SharedSpace {
  volatile int dataValue = 0;
}
abstract class Threaded implements Runnable {
  protected Logger logger;
  protected SharedSpace sharedSpace;
  public Threaded(SharedSpace sharedSpace) {
    this.sharedSpace = sharedSpace;
    logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    logger.info("Started.");
    String workerName = getClass().getName();
    Thread.currentThread().setName(workerName);
  }
}
public class ProducerConsumer {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SharedSpace sharedSpace = new SharedSpace();
    Thread producer = new Thread(new Producer(sharedSpace), "Producer");
    Thread consumer = new Thread(new Consumer(sharedSpace), "Consumer");
    producer.start();
    consumer.start();
    try {
      producer.join();
      consumer.join();
    } catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
      interruptedException.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

Consumer - Started.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Data production has not started yet. Releasing lock on sharedSpace, until notification that it has begun.
Producer - Started.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 1
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 1.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 2
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 2.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 3
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 3.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 4
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 4.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 5
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 5.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 6
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 6.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 7
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 7.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 8
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 8.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 9
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 9.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: 10
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: 10.
Consumer - Waking up producer to continue data production.
Consumer - Releasing lock on sharedSpace until notified of new data availability.
Producer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Producer - Produced: END (end of data production token).
Producer - Waking up consumer for data consumption.
Producer - Signing off.
Consumer - Acquired lock on sharedSpace.
Consumer - Consumed: END (end of data production token).
Consumer - Signing off.

最佳答案

Is the above correct?

I have learned not to claim correctness from "a successful run". On the contrary, I have become very suspicious of pseudo-parallel code!

How could I test parallel code as I code my next attempts?

Which tools can help me in both development and debugging?

Would the approach change if I allowed the Producer to continue producing, with each production taking some variable amount of time...

Is this method of doing things obsolete and should I rather be learning something else? From this tollbooth, I have no idea of what happens "in the real world of Java"

Where should I go from here?

for (int nIterations = 0; nIterations <= N_ITERATIONS; nIterations++) {

public class Consumer implements Runnable {
    private final BlockingQueue<Integer> queue;
    public Consumer(BlockingQueue<Integer> queue) {
       this.queue = queue;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
       while (true) {
          int consumedData = queue.take();
          if (consumedData ==  Producer.FINAL_VALUE) {
              logger.info("Consumed: END (end of data production token).");
              break;
          }
          logger.info("Consumed: {}.", consumedData);
       }
       logger.info("Signing off.");
    }
}

public class Producer implements Runnable {
    public static final int FINAL_VALUE = -1;
    private final BlockingQueue<Integer> queue;
    public Producer(BlockingQueue<Integer> queue) {
       this.queue = queue;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
       for (int nIterations = 0; nIterations <= N_ITERATIONS; nIterations++) {
          logger.info("Produced: {}", nIterations);
          queue.put(nIterations);
       }
       queue.put(FINAL_VALUE);
       logger.info("Produced: END (end of data production token).");
       logger.info("Signing off.");
    }
}

public class ProducerConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       // you can add an int argument to the LinkedBlockingQueue constructor
       // to only allow a certain number of items in the queue at one time
       BlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>();
       Thread producer = new Thread(new Producer(queue), "Producer");
       Thread consumer = new Thread(new Consumer(queue), "Consumer");
       // start and join go here
    }
}

关于java - 生产者/消费者多线程，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12554390/