public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.add("JavaSE");
    list.add("JavaWeb");
    list.add("JavaEE");
    list.add("JVM");
    list.add("测试课程");
    System.out.println(list);
    // 获取list中有效元素个数
    System.out.println(list.size());
    // 获取和设置index位置上的元素，注意index必须介于[0, size)间
    System.out.println(list.get(1));
    list.set(1, "JavaWEB");
    System.out.println(list.get(1));
    // 在list的index位置插入指定元素，index及后续的元素统一往后搬移一个位置
    list.add(1, "Java数据结构");
    System.out.println(list);
    // 删除指定元素，找到了就删除，该元素之后的元素统一往前搬移一个位置
    list.remove("JVM");
    System.out.println(list);
    // 删除list中index位置上的元素，注意index不要超过list中有效元素个数,否则会抛出下标越界异常
    list.remove(list.size()-1);
    System.out.println(list);
    // 检测list中是否包含指定元素，包含返回true，否则返回false
    if(list.contains("测试课程")){
    list.add("测试课程");
    }
    // 查找指定元素第一次出现的位置：indexOf从前往后找，lastIndexOf从后往前找
    list.add("JavaSE");
    System.out.println(list.indexOf("JavaSE"));
    System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("JavaSE"));
    // 使用list中[0, 4)之间的元素构成一个新的SubList返回,但是和ArrayList共用一个elementData数组
    List<String> ret = list.subList(0, 4);
    System.out.println(ret);
    list.clear();
    System.out.println(list.size());
}

2.3ArrayList的遍历

public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.add(1);
    list.add(2);
    list.add(3);
    list.add(4);
    list.add(5);
    // 使用下标+for遍历
    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
    System.out.print(list.get(i) + " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
    // 借助foreach遍历
    for (Integer integer : list) {
    System.out.print(integer + " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
    Iterator<Integer> it = list.listIterator();
    while(it.hasNext()){
    System.out.print(it.next() + " ");
    }
    System.out.println();
}

Object[] elementData; // 存放元素的空间
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; // 默认空间
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; // 默认容量大小
public boolean add(E e) {
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
    ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
    if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
    return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
    }
    return minCapacity;
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    modCount++;
    // overflow-conscious code
    if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
    grow(minCapacity);
}
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    // 获取旧空间大小
    int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
    // 预计按照1.5倍方式扩容
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
    // 如果用户需要扩容大小 超过 原空间1.5倍，按照用户所需大小扩容
    if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
    newCapacity = minCapacity;
    // 如果需要扩容大小超过MAX_ARRAY_SIZE，重新计算容量大小
    if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
    newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
    // 调用copyOf扩容
    elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    // 如果minCapacity小于0，抛出OutOfMemoryError异常
    if (minCapacity < 0)
    throw new OutOfMemoryError();
    return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}

• 初步预估按照1.5倍大小扩容
• 如果用户所需大小超过预估1.5倍大小，则按照用户所需大小扩容
• 真正扩容之前检测是否能扩容成功，防止太大导致扩容失败

public class Card {
    public int rank; // 牌面值
    public String suit; // 花色
    @Override
    public String toString() {
    return String.format("[%s %d]", suit, rank);
    }
}

import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
public class CardDemo {
    public static final String[] SUITS = {"♠", "♥", "♣", "♦"};
    // 买一副牌
    private static List<Card> buyDeck() {
        List<Card> deck = new ArrayList<>(52);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= 13; j++) {
            String suit = SUITS[i];
            int rank = j;
            Card card = new Card();
            card.rank = rank;
            card.suit = suit;
            deck.add(card);
            }
        }
        return deck;
    }
    private static void swap(List<Card> deck, int i, int j) {
        Card t = deck.get(i);
        deck.set(i, deck.get(j));
        deck.set(j, t);
    }
    private static void shuffle(List<Card> deck) {
        Random random = new Random(20190905);
        for (int i = deck.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        int r = random.nextInt(i);
        swap(deck, i, r);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Card> deck = buyDeck();
        System.out.println("刚买回来的牌:");
        System.out.println(deck);
        shuffle(deck);
        System.out.println("洗过的牌:");
        System.out.println(deck);
        // 三个人，每个人轮流抓 5 张牌
        List<List<Card>> hands = new ArrayList<>();
        hands.add(new ArrayList<>());
        hands.add(new ArrayList<>());
        hands.add(new ArrayList<>());
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            hands.get(j).add(deck.remove(0));
            }
        }
        System.out.println("剩余的牌:");
        System.out.println(deck);
        System.out.println("A 手中的牌:");
        System.out.println(hands.get(0));
        System.out.println("B 手中的牌:");
        System.out.println(hands.get(1));
        System.out.println("C 手中的牌:");
        System.out.println(hands.get(2));
    }
}