nginx访问控制，用户认证，配置https，zabbix监控nginx状态页面

nginx访问控制

用于location段
allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
deny： 设定禁止哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开

//测试
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@nginx html]# echo 'hello world' > index.html 
[root@nginx html]# systemctl restart nginx

//虚拟机访问
[root@nginx html]# curl 192.168.111.141
hello world

访问测试

//修改配置文件
[root@nginx html]# cd ..
[root@nginx nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
        location / {
            allow 192.168.111.141;		//只允许虚拟机访问
            deny all;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
[root@nginx nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

//虚拟机访问
[root@nginx nginx]# curl 192.168.111.141
hello world

访问测试

nginx用户认证

//安装httpd工具包
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install httpd-tools

//修改配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /abc { 
             auth_basic "ABC"; 
             auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.pass"; 	//密码位置 
             root html;
             index index.html;
        }

//生成用户密码
[root@nginx conf]# htpasswd -cm /usr/local/nginx/conf/.pass runtime
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user runtime
[root@nginx conf]# cat .pass 
runtime:$apr1$nPzAshNM$nvmalzBcNQlagDB3ipABc1		//加密后的密码
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx

直接访问

访问根下的abc

nginx配置https

证书申请及签署步骤

a) 生成申请请求 b) RA核验c) CA签署 d) 获取证书

//生成证书
[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/pki/
[root@nginx pki]# mkdir CA
[root@nginx pki]# cd CA/
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir private
[root@nginx CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)		//括号必须要
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
........+++++
............................................................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx CA]# ls private/
cakey.pem

//CA生成自签署证书
[root@nginx CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN     //国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB  //省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH   //市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:TX
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.example.com   //域名
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.example.com
Email Address []:1@2.com
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@nginx CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial

//生成密钥
[root@nginx CA]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx conf]# mkdir ssl
[root@nginx conf]# cd ssl
[root@nginx ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
..................................................+++++
..................................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)

//证书签署请求
[root@nginx ssl]# openssl req -new -key nginx.key -days 365 -out nginx.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HB
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:WH 
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:TX
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:www.example.com
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.example.com
Email Address []:1@2.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

//签署证书
[root@nginx ssl]# openssl ca -in nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Oct 13 06:50:03 2022 GMT
            Not After : Oct 13 06:50:03 2023 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = HB
            organizationName          = www.example.com
            organizationalUnitName    = www.example.com
            commonName                = www.example.com
            emailAddress              = 1@2.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                DA:A8:6A:71:7F:86:76:C8:A2:99:C2:D4:D1:79:F9:43:95:4C:41:12
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:DB:B7:F5:00:4D:A0:A3:A7:CB:D1:70:FE:B6:CD:71:D0:F1:55:AB:DC

Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 06:50:03 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@nginx ssl]# ls
nginx.crt  nginx.csr  nginx.key

//修改配置文件加入生成的密钥和证书
[root@nginx ssl]# cd ..
[root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf
//先取消注释
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  www.example.com;

        ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/nginx.crt;	//修改为密钥和证书的位置
        ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/nginx.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

}
[root@nginx conf]# systemctl restart nginx

zabbix监控nginx状态界面

状态页面信息详解：

状态码	表示的意义
Active connections 2	当前所有处于打开状态的连接数
accepts	总共处理了多少个连接
handled	成功创建多少握手
requests	总共处理了多少个请求
Reading	nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数，表示正处于接收请求状态的连接数
Writing	nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数，表示请求已经接收完成， 且正处于处理请求或发送响应的过程中的连接数
Waiting	开启keep-alive的情况下，这个值等于active - (reading + writing)， 意思就是Nginx已处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接

环境说明：

系统	主机名	IP	服务
centos8	nginx	192.168.111.141	nginx zabbix-agentd
centos8	zabbix	192.168.111.143	LAMP zabbix-server zabbix-agentd

部署zabbix监控链接：部署zabbix监控服务

开启状态界面

//修改配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location /nginx_status {
            stub_status on;			//开启status
        }
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx

修改配置文件

//修改zabbix配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
Server=192.168.111.143     //服务端ip
ServerActive=192.168.111.143  //服务端ip
Hostname=test   //监控主机名

//编写脚本
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@nginx ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@nginx scripts]# vim check_nginx.sh
#Script to fetch nginx statuses for monitoring systems

HOST="127.0.0.1"
PORT="80"

function ping {
    /sbin/pidof nginx | wc -l
}

function active {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Active' | awk '{print $NF}'
}
function reading {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Reading' | awk '{print $2}'
}
function writing {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Writing' | awk '{print $4}'
}
function waiting {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Waiting' | awk '{print $6}'
}
function accepts {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $1}'
}
function handled {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $2}'
}
function requests {
    /usr/bin/curl "http://$HOST:$PORT/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $3}'
}
$1
[root@nginx scripts]# chmod +x check_nginx.sh 
[root@nginx scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 968 Oct 13 15:17 check_nginx.sh

//开启自定义监控
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UnsafeUserParameters=1   		//添加
UserParameter=check_nginx[*],/bin/bash /scripts/check_nginx.sh $1 	//添加

//重启服务
[root@nginx ~]# pkill zabbix
[root@nginx ~]# zabbix_agentd 
[root@nginx ~]# ss -anlt
State        Recv-Q       Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port       Process       
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:80                       0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:443                      0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                        0.0.0.0:10050                    0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*                        


//服务端进行测试
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.111.141 -k check_nginx[active]		//修改中括号内想要查看的状态名称即可
1
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.111.141 -k check_nginx[accepts]
4
[root@zabbix ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.111.141 -k check_nginx[handled]
5

web界面配置

创建监控主机

配置监控项