我一定是犯了一些明显的错误，但经过几个小时的斗争，我无法取得进一步的进展:

在升级到 Boost 1.54、CMake 2.8.12 和 Python 2.7.5(这三个都来自略微较早的次要版本)之后，我的 project 的 Python 绑定(bind)不再在调试配置中链接(它们在发布中链接良好)。我正在使用 VS 2012 构建。更新前一切正常。

我以标准方式构建了 Boost:bootstrap.bat 后跟 b2 address-model=64 toolset=msvc-11.0。我的系统安装了 Python 2.7，它由 b2 获取:

notice: [python-cfg] Configuring python...
notice: [python-cfg] Registry indicates Python 2.7 installed at "C:\Python27\"
notice: [python-cfg] Checking interpreter command "python"...
notice: [python-cfg] running command 'DIR /-C /A:S "C:\Python27\python.exe" 2>&1'
notice: [python-cfg] running command 'python -c "from sys import *; print('version=%d.%d\nplatform=%s\nprefix=%s\nexec_prefix=%s\nexecutable=%s' % (version_info[0],version_info[1],platform,prefix,exec_prefix,executable))" 2>&1'
notice: [python-cfg] ...requested configuration matched!
notice: [python-cfg] Details of this Python configuration:
notice: [python-cfg]   interpreter command: "python"
notice: [python-cfg]   include path: "C:\Python27\Include"
notice: [python-cfg]   library path: "C:\Python27\libs"
notice: [python-cfg]   DLL search path: "C:\Python27"

我的机器上没有安装任何其他 Python。

当我在我的项目上运行 CMake 时，一切看起来也不错:

Found PythonLibs: optimized;C:/Python27/libs/python27.lib;debug;C:/Python27/libs/python27_d.lib (found version "2.7.5")

调试中链接器命令行的相关部分符合预期:

"C:\franz\dev\boost_1_54_0\stage\lib\libboost_python-vc110-mt-gd-1_54.lib" "C:\Python27\libs\python27_d.lib"

当我最终在 Debug 中构建项目时:

LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'python27.lib'

因为在链接器的命令行中没有提到 python27.lib，所以我用十六进制编辑器编辑了 libboost_python-vc110-mt-gd-1_54.lib 只是为了找到表明它包含对 python27.lib 的引用(格式为 /DEFAULTLIB:"python27.lib")，而我希望引用 python27_d.lib 而不是(没有)。

我在构建 Boost 时做错了什么吗？这是 Boost.Python 在 Boost 1.54 中的已知问题吗？任何帮助将不胜感激。

更新#1:我再次尝试使用 Boost 1.51 和 1.50，但出现了同样的问题，所以这不是 Boost 的回归。

更新#2:我从我的 Python 安装中删除了 Python 库 (python27_d.lib) 的调试版本，从而恢复到原始 Python 安装。然后我重建了 Boost 1.51 和我的项目(CMake 按预期报告了一个库文件:Found PythonLibs: C:/Python27/libs/python27.lib (found version "2.7.5"))。问题仍然存在，但是错误消息现在提到 python27_d.lib: LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'python27_d.lib'!

更新#3:使用Process Monitor我可以在它实际所在的 C:\Python27\libs\ 中搜索 python27_d.lib:

3:35:28.0550683 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\franz\dev\appleseed\build\appleseed.python\python27_d.lib    NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0551846 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\franz\dev\boost_1_50_0\stage\lib\python27_d.lib  NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0552474 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\franz\dev\boost_1_50_0\stage\lib\Debug\python27_d.lib    PATH NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0553595 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\franz\dev\appleseed\build\appleseed.python\python27_d.lib    NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0556105 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\lib\amd64\python27_d.lib NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0559637 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\atlmfc\lib\amd64\python27_d.lib  NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0560984 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\Lib\win8\um\x64\python27_d.lib  NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Read Attributes, Disposition: Open, Options: Open Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete, AllocationSize: n/a
3:35:28.0561741 PM  link.exe    10132   CreateFile  C:\franz\dev\appleseed\build\appleseed.python\python27_d.lib    NAME NOT FOUND  Desired Access: Generic Read, Disposition: Open, Options: Synchronous IO Non-Alert, Non-Directory File, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, AllocationSize: n/a

更新 #4:相关问题:Visual C++ debug library naming convention

最佳答案

感谢这篇文章中的提示，我解决了这个问题:Visual C++ debug library naming convention .

基本上，Python 附带的头文件 pyconfig.h(位于 C:\Python27\include\)强制链接到 python27_d.lib 在调试构建中(通过 #pragma comment() 指令)，不管这个库是否存在。

诀窍是永远不要直接包含 Python.h ，而是包含 Boost 对该文件的包装器 boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp 这会小心禁用有问题的 #pragma comment() 指令。

关于c++ - Boost.Python 1.54(调试版本)对 Windows 上 Python27.lib 的令人费解的依赖性，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19716859/