在 Cython 文档中有一个 example他们给出了两种编写 C/Python 混合方法的方法。一个显式的，带有用于快速 C 访问的 cdef 和用于从 Python 访问的包装器 def:

cdef class Rectangle:
    cdef int x0, y0
    cdef int x1, y1
    def __init__(self, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1):
        self.x0 = x0; self.y0 = y0; self.x1 = x1; self.y1 = y1
    cdef int _area(self):
        cdef int area
        area = (self.x1 - self.x0) * (self.y1 - self.y0)
        if area < 0:
            area = -area
        return area
    def area(self):
        return self._area()

cdef class Rectangle:
    cdef int x0, y0
    cdef int x1, y1
    def __init__(self, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1):
        self.x0 = x0; self.y0 = y0; self.x1 = x1; self.y1 = y1
    cpdef int area(self):
        cdef int area
        area = (self.x1 - self.x0) * (self.y1 - self.y0)
        if area < 0:
            area = -area
        return area

最佳答案

chrisb 的回答为您提供了所有您需要知道的信息，但如果您喜欢血腥的细节......

但首先，从冗长的分析中得出的结论概括如下:

 cpdef do_nothing_cp():
   pass

 static PyMethodDef __pyx_methods[] = {
  {"do_nothing_cp", (PyCFunction)__pyx_pw_3foo_3do_nothing_cp, METH_NOARGS, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0}
};

def call_do_nothing_cp():
    do_nothing_cp()

cdef _do_nothing():
   pass

def do_nothing():
  _do_nothing()

foo.do_nothing=foo.do_nothing_cp

>>> import foo
>>> %timeit foo.do_nothing_cp
51.6 ns ± 0.437 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000000 loops each)

>>> %timeit foo.do_nothing
51.8 ns ± 0.369 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000000 loops each)

 0000000000001340 <__pyx_pw_3foo_3do_nothing_cp>:
    1340:   48 8b 05 91 1c 20 00    mov    0x201c91(%rip),%rax      
    1347:   48 83 00 01             addq   $0x1,(%rax)
    134b:   c3                      retq   
    134c:   0f 1f 40 00             nopl   0x0(%rax)

0000000000001380 <__pyx_pw_3foo_1do_nothing>:
    1380:   53                      push   %rbx
    1381:   48 8b 1d 50 1c 20 00    mov    0x201c50(%rip),%rbx        # 202fd8 <_DYNAMIC+0x208>
    1388:   48 8b 13                mov    (%rbx),%rdx
    138b:   48 85 d2                test   %rdx,%rdx
    138e:   75 0d                   jne    139d <__pyx_pw_3foo_1do_nothing+0x1d>
    1390:   48 8b 43 08             mov    0x8(%rbx),%rax
    1394:   48 89 df                mov    %rbx,%rdi
    1397:   ff 50 30                callq  *0x30(%rax)
    139a:   48 8b 13                mov    (%rbx),%rdx
    139d:   48 83 c2 01             add    $0x1,%rdx
    13a1:   48 89 d8                mov    %rbx,%rax
    13a4:   48 89 13                mov    %rdx,(%rbx)
    13a7:   5b                      pop    %rbx
    13a8:   c3                      retq   
    13a9:   0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00    nopl   0x0(%rax)

cdef class A:
   cpdef do_nothing_cp(self):
       pass

static PyMethodDef __pyx_methods_3foo_A[] = {
      {"do_nothing", (PyCFunction)__pyx_pw_3foo_1A_1do_nothing_cp, METH_NOARGS, 0},
      ...
      {0, 0, 0, 0}
    }; 
.... 
static PyTypeObject __pyx_type_3foo_A = {
 ...
  __pyx_methods_3foo_A, /*tp_methods*/
 ...
};

static PyObject *__pyx_f_3foo_1A_do_nothing_cp(CYTHON_UNUSED struct __pyx_obj_3foo_A *__pyx_v_self, int __pyx_skip_dispatch) {

  if (unlikely(__pyx_skip_dispatch)) ;//__pyx_skip_dispatch=1 if called from pf-version
  /* Check if overridden in Python */
  else if (look-up if function is overriden in __dict__ of the object)
     use the overriden function
  }
  do the work.

cdef class A:
  cpdef do_nothing_cp(self):
   pass

cdef class B(A):
  cpdef call_do_nothing(self):
    self.do_nothing()

import foo
def class C(foo.B):
    def do_nothing_cp(self):
        print("I do something!")

                          cpdef         def+cdef
 A.do_nothing              107ns         108ns 
 B.call_nothing            109ns         116ns

关于python - cpdef 和封装在 def 中的 cdef 有什么区别？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48864631/