注意:

正如答案所言，由于问题和我的评论中描述的一些问题，问题中提出的代码确实 NOT 真正实现了继承(否则它将成为答案而不是问题 .. )。它按预期工作 是 继承的假冒(甚至不是原型(prototype))。

function _extends(baseType) {
    return function (definition) {
        var caller=arguments.callee.caller;
        var instance=this;

        if(!(instance instanceof baseType)) {
            (caller.prototype=new baseType()).constructor=caller;
            instance=new caller();
        }

        var _super=function () {
            baseType.apply(instance, arguments);
        };

        definition(instance, _super);
        return instance;
    };
}

function Abc(key, value) {
    return _extends(Object).call(this, function (instance, _super) {
        instance.What=function () {
            alert('What');
        };

        instance.getValue=function () {
            return 333+Number(value);
        };

        instance.Value=instance.getValue();
        instance.Key=key;
    });
}

function Xyz(key, value) {
    return _extends(Abc).call(this, function (instance, _super) {
        _super(key, value);

        instance.That=function () {
            alert('That');
        };
    });
}

var x=new Xyz('x', '123');
alert([x.Key, x.Value].join(': ')+'; isAbc: '+(x instanceof Abc));

var y=new Xyz('y', '456');
alert([y.Key, y.Value].join(': ')+'; isAbc: '+(y instanceof Abc));

var it=new Abc('it', '789');
alert([it.Key, it.Value].join(': ')+'; isAbc: '+(it instanceof Abc));
alert([it.Key, it.Value].join(': ')+'; isXyz: '+(it instanceof Xyz));

x.What();
y.That();

it.What();
it.That(); // will throw; it is not Xyz and does not have That method

最佳答案

不。不。不。这不行。你在 JavaScript 中做继承都是错误的。你的代码让我偏头痛。

在 JavaScript 中创建伪经典继承模式

如果您想要类似于 JavaScript 中的类的东西，那么有很多库可以为您提供。例如，使用 augment 您可以按如下方式重构代码:

var augment = require("augment");

var ABC = augment(Object, function () {
    this.constructor = function (key, value) {
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
    };

    this.what = function () {
        alert("what");
    };
});

var XYZ = augment(ABC, function (base) {
    this.constructor = function (key, value) {
        base.constructor.call(this, key, value);
    };

    this.that = function () {
        alert("that");
    };
});

function ABC(key, value) {
    this.key = key;
    this.value = value;
}

ABC.prototype.what = function() {
    alert("what");
};

var ABC = CLASS({
    constructor: function (key, value) {
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
    },
    what: function () {
        alert("what");
    }
});

function CLASS(prototype) {
    var constructor = prototype.constructor;
    constructor.prototype = prototype;
    return constructor;
}

function augment(body) {
    var base = typeof this === "function" ? this.prototype : this;
    var prototype = Object.create(base);
    body.apply(prototype, arrayFrom(arguments, 1).concat(base));
    if (!ownPropertyOf(prototype, "constructor")) return prototype;
    var constructor = prototype.constructor;
    constructor.prototype = prototype;
    return constructor;
}

function CLASS(prototype) {
    var constructor = prototype.constructor;
    constructor.prototype = prototype;
    return constructor;
}

function extend(self, body) {
    var base = typeof self === "function" ? self.prototype : self;
    var prototype = Object.create(base, {new: {value: create}});
    return body.call(prototype, base), prototype;

    function create() {
        var self = Object.create(prototype);
        return prototype.hasOwnProperty("constructor") &&
            prototype.constructor.apply(self, arguments), self;
    }
}

var Abc = extend(Object, function () {
    this.constructor = function (key, value) {
        this.value = 333 + Number(value);
        this.key = key;
    };

    this.what = function () {
        alert("what");
    };
});

var Xyz = extend(Abc, function (base) {
    this.constructor = function (key, value) {
        base.constructor.call(this, key, value);
    };

    this.that = function () {
        alert("that");
    };
});

var x = Xyz.new("x", "123");
var y = Xyz.new("y", "456");
var it = Abc.new("it", "789");

var it = Abc.new.apply(null, ["it", "789"]);

alert(x.key + ": " + x.value + "; isAbc: " + Abc.isPrototypeOf(x));
alert(y.key + ": " + y.value + "; isAbc: " + Abc.isPrototypeOf(y));

alert(it.key + ": " + it.value + "; isAbc: " + Abc.isPrototypeOf(it));
alert(it.key + ": " + it.value + "; isXyz: " + Xyz.isPrototypeOf(it));

alert(Abc.isPrototypeOf(Xyz)); // true

x.what();
y.that();

it.what();
it.that(); // will throw; it is not Xyz and does not have that method

var Xyz = extend(Abc, function (base) {
    this.empty = this.new();

    this.constructor = function (key, value) {
        base.constructor.call(this, key, value);
    };

    this.that = function () {
        alert("that");
    };
});

var ClassA = extend(Object, function () {
    var ClassB = extend(this, function () {
        // class definition
    });

    // rest of the class definition

    alert(this.isPrototypeOf(ClassB)); // true
});

关于javascript - 如何在类声明上实现伪经典继承？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18753802/