我有一些格式如下的包罗万象的日志文件:

timestamp event summary
foo details
account name: userA
bar more details
timestamp event summary
baz details
account name: userB
qux more details
timestamp etc.

我想在日志文件中搜索 userB，如果找到，则从前面的时间戳回显到(但不包括)下面的时间戳。可能会有几个事件与我的搜索相匹配。最好在每个匹配项周围回显某种 --- start --- 和 --- end ---。

这对于 pcregrep -M 来说是完美的，对吧？问题是，GnuWin32 的 pcregrep 会因多行正则表达式搜索大文件而崩溃，并且这些包罗万象的日志可能有 100 兆或更多。

我尝试过的

到目前为止，我的 hackish 解决方法包括使用 grep -B15 -A30 来查找匹配行并打印周围的内容，然后将现在更易于管理的 block 输送到 pcregrep 中进行抛光。问题是有些事件少于 10 行，而另一些则超过 30 行；在遇到较短的事件时，我得到了一些意想不到的结果。

:parselog <username> <logfile>

set silent=1
set count=0
set deez=20\d\d-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\d
echo Searching %~2 for records containing %~1...

for /f "delims=" %%I in (
    'grep -P -i -B15 -A30 ":\s+\b%~1\b(@mydomain\.ext)?$" "%~2" ^| pcregrep -M -i "^%deez%(.|\n)+?\b%~1\b(@mydomain\.ext|\r?\n)(.|\n)+?\n%deez%" 2^>NUL'
) do (
    echo(%%I| findstr "^20[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9].[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]" >NUL && (
        if defined silent (
            set silent=
            set found=1
            set /a "count+=1"
            echo;
            echo ---------------start of record !count!-------------
        ) else (
            set silent=1
            echo ----------------end of record !count!--------------
            echo;
        )
    )
    if not defined silent echo(%%I
)

goto :EOF

有更好的方法吗？我遇到了一个看起来很有趣的 awk 命令，类似于:

awk "/start pattern/,/end pattern/" logfile

...但它也需要匹配一个中间模式。不幸的是，我不太熟悉 awk 语法。有什么建议吗？

Ed Morton 建议我提供一些示例日志记录和预期输出。

包罗万象的例子

2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730158    Mon Mar 25 08:02:28 2013    529 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 2   Logon Failure:

    Reason:     Unknown user name or bad password

    User Name:  user5f

    Domain:     MYDOMAIN

    Logon Type: 3

    Logon Process:  Advapi  

    Authentication Package: Negotiate

    Workstation Name:   dc3

    Caller User Name:   dc3$

    Caller Domain:  MYDOMAIN

    Caller Logon ID:    (0x0,0x3E7)

    Caller Process ID:  400

    Transited Services: -

    Source Network Address: 169.254.7.86

    Source Port:    40838
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730159    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    680 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 9   Logon attempt by:   MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0

Logon account:  USER6Q

Source Workstation: dc3

Error Code: 0xC0000234
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730160    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    539 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 2   Logon Failure:

    Reason:     Account locked out

    User Name:  USER6Q@MYDOMAIN.TLD

    Domain: MYDOMAIN

    Logon Type: 3

    Logon Process:  Advapi  

    Authentication Package: Negotiate

    Workstation Name:   dc3

    Caller User Name:   dc3$

    Caller Domain:  MYDOMAIN

    Caller Logon ID:    (0x0,0x3E7)

    Caller Process ID: 400

    Transited Services: -

    Source Network Address: 169.254.7.89

    Source Port:    55314
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Notice 169.254.5.62    Mar 25 08:36:38 DC4.mydomain.tld MSWinEventLog  5   Security    201326798   Mon Mar 25 08:36:37 2013    4624    Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing     N/A Audit Success   DC4.mydomain.tld    12544   An account was successfully logged on.

Subject:
    Security ID:        S-1-0-0
    Account Name:       -
    Account Domain:     -
    Logon ID:       0x0

Logon Type:         3

New Logon:
    Security ID:        S-1-5-21-606747145-1409082233-725345543-160838
    Account Name:       DEPTACCT16$
    Account Domain:     MYDOMAIN
    Logon ID:       0x1158e6012c
    Logon GUID:     {BCC72986-82A0-4EE9-3729-847BA6FA3A98}

Process Information:
    Process ID:     0x0
    Process Name:       -

Network Information:
    Workstation Name:   
    Source Network Address: 169.254.114.62
    Source Port:        42183

Detailed Authentication Information:
    Logon Process:      Kerberos
    Authentication Package: Kerberos
    Transited Services: -
    Package Name (NTLM only):   -
    Key Length:     0

This event is generated when a logon session is created. It is generated on the computer that was accessed.

The subject fields indicate...
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730162    Mon Mar 25 08:02:30 2013    675 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 9   Pre-authentication failed:

    User Name:  USER8Y

    User ID:        %{S-1-5-21-606747145-1409082233-725345543-3904}

    Service Name:   krbtgt/MYDOMAIN

    Pre-Authentication Type:    0x0

    Failure Code:   0x19

    Client Address: 169.254.87.158
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   etc.

示例命令

call :parselog user6q \\path\to\catch-all.log

预期结果

---------------start of record 1-------------
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730159    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    680 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 9   Logon attempt by:   MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0

Logon account:  USER6Q

Source Workstation: dc3

Error Code: 0xC0000234
---------------end of record 1-------------


---------------start of record 2-------------
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security    11730160    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    539 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure   dc3 2   Logon Failure:

    Reason:     Account locked out

    User Name:  USER6Q@MYDOMAIN.TLD

    Domain: MYDOMAIN

    Logon Type: 3

    Logon Process:  Advapi  

    Authentication Package: Negotiate

    Workstation Name:   dc3

    Caller User Name:   dc3$

    Caller Domain:  MYDOMAIN

    Caller Logon ID:    (0x0,0x3E7)

    Caller Process ID: 400

    Transited Services: -

    Source Network Address: 169.254.7.89

    Source Port:    55314
---------------end of record 2-------------

最佳答案

这就是您使用 GNU awk(对于 IGNORECASE)所需的全部:

$ cat tst.awk
function prtRecord() {
    if (record ~ regexp) {
        printf "-------- start of record %d --------%s", ++numRecords, ORS
        printf "%s", record
        printf "--------- end of record %d ---------%s%s", numRecords, ORS, ORS
    }
    record = ""
}
BEGIN{ IGNORECASE=1 }
/^[[:digit:]]+-[[:digit:]]+-[[:digit:]]+/ { prtRecord() }
{ record = record $0 ORS }
END { prtRecord() }

或使用任何 awk:

$ cat tst.awk
function prtRecord() {
    if (tolower(record) ~ tolower(regexp)) {
        printf "-------- start of record %d --------%s", ++numRecords, ORS
        printf "%s", record
        printf "--------- end of record %d ---------%s%s", numRecords, ORS, ORS
    }
    record = ""
}
/^[[:digit:]]+-[[:digit:]]+-[[:digit:]]+/ { prtRecord() }
{ record = record $0 ORS }
END { prtRecord() }

无论哪种方式，您都可以在 UNIX 上将其运行为:

$ awk -v regexp=user6q -f tst.awk file

我不知道 Windows 语法，但我希望它即使不相同也非常相似。

请注意在脚本中使用 tolower() 使比较的两边都小写，因此匹配不区分大小写。如果您可以改为传递大小写正确的搜索正则表达式，则无需在比较的任何一侧调用 tolower()。 nbd，它可能只会稍微加快脚本的速度。

$ awk -v regexp=user6q -f tst.awk file
-------- start of record 1 --------
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security
    11730159    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    680 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure
dc3 9   Logon attempt by:   MICROSOFT_AUTHENTICATION_PACKAGE_V1_0

Logon account:  USER6Q

Source Workstation: dc3

Error Code: 0xC0000234
--------- end of record 1 ---------

-------- start of record 2 --------
2013-03-25 08:02:32 Auth.Critical   169.254.8.110   Mar 25 08:02:32 dc3 MSWinEventLog   2   Security
    11730160    Mon Mar 25 08:02:29 2013    539 Security    NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM N/A Audit Failure
dc3 2   Logon Failure:

    Reason:     Account locked out

    User Name:  USER6Q@MYDOMAIN.TLD

    Domain: MYDOMAIN

    Logon Type: 3

    Logon Process:  Advapi

    Authentication Package: Negotiate

    Workstation Name:   dc3

    Caller User Name:   dc3$

    Caller Domain:  MYDOMAIN

    Caller Logon ID:    (0x0,0x3E7)

    Caller Process ID: 400

    Transited Services: -

    Source Network Address: 169.254.7.89

    Source Port:    55314
--------- end of record 2 ---------

关于windows - 日志文件中的正则表达式匹配，返回匹配上方和下方的动态内容，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15628017/