上下文

虽然有些游戏选择放弃暂停菜单 - 可能是因为游戏持续时间较短，例如 Don't Grind - 我个人认为暂停游戏是一个关键功能，我想学习如何在 SpriteKit 的 Swift 3 中实现它。

我曾看到尝试使用 UIAlertController 来实现这一点，但我——也许是错误的——认为更好的选择是在顶部覆盖一个 SKView当前 SKView 的。

我看过 Apple 的 DemoBots看看我是否能弄清楚他们是如何暂停比赛的。但是，在我的设备上下载并运行后，出现了错误，所以我不想效仿。然而，如果有人能彻底解释过多的文件，如“LevelScene+Pause”、“SceneManager”、“SceneOperation”等，以及它们如何协同工作，那也很酷。

问题

如何在 GameScene 上叠加 SKView 以制作暂停菜单？

最小工作示例

M.W.E.， StackOverflow SpriteKit with Menu , 是一个将答案语境化的准系统“游戏”。请回答与 M.W.E. 相关的问题。

更新

以下是 M.W.E. 的修改版本。文件“GameScene”。 它考虑为要暂停的元素添加一个主节点，并为暂停菜单添加另一个节点。

虽然暂停菜单有效，但背景仍然有效，即使 gameNode.isPaused = true。 (尝试点击最左边的蓝色 Sprite )。

//

//  GameScene.swift
//  StackOverflow
//
//  Created by Sumner on 1/17/17.
//  Copyright © 2017 Sumner. All rights reserved.
//

import SpriteKit
import GameplayKit

class GameScene: SKScene {
    var cam: SKCameraNode!
    
    
    
    var sprite = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "sprite")
    var sprite2 = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "sprite2")
    
    let pauseLabel = SKLabelNode(text: "Pause!")
    
    
    /*
     *
     * START: NEW CODE
     *
     */
    let gameNode = SKNode()
    var pauseMenuSprite: SKShapeNode!
    let pauseMenuTitleLabel = SKLabelNode(text: "Pause Menu")
    let pauseMenuContinueLabel = SKLabelNode(text: "Resume game?")
    let pauseMenuToMainMenuLabel = SKLabelNode(text: "Main Menu?")
    /*
     *
     * END: NEW CODE
     *
     */
    
    
    var timeStart: Date!
    
    init(size: CGSize, difficulty: String) {
        super.init(size: size)
        gameDifficulty = difficulty
        timeStart = Date()
        /*
         *
         * START: NEW CODE
         *
         */
        pauseMenuSprite = SKShapeNode(rectOf: size)
        /*
         *
         * END: NEW CODE
         *
         */
    }
    
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }
    
    override func didMove(to view: SKView) {
        backgroundColor = SKColor.white
        
        print("Game starting with \(gameDifficulty) difficulty")
        
        
        
        
        // Scale Sprites
        sprite.setScale(0.3)
        sprite2.setScale(0.3)
        
        sprite.position = CGPoint(x: size.width/4,y: size.height/2)
        sprite2.position = CGPoint(x: size.width/4 * 3,y: size.height/2)
        
        /*
         *
         * START: NEW CODE
         *
         */
        gameNode.addChild(sprite)
        gameNode.addChild(sprite2)
        addChild(gameNode)
        /*
         *
         * END: NEW CODE
         *
         */
       
        if gameDifficulty == "hard" {
            let sprite3 = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "sprite")
            sprite3.setScale(0.3)
            sprite3.position = CGPoint(x: size.width/4 * 2,y: size.height/2)
            addChild(sprite3)
        }
        
        
        
        pauseLabel.fontColor = SKColor.black
        pauseLabel.position = CGPoint(x: size.width/4 * 2,y: size.height/4)
        addChild(pauseLabel)
        
    }
    
    
    
    func touchDown(atPoint pos : CGPoint) {
        
    }
    
    func touchMoved(toPoint pos : CGPoint) {
        
    }
    
    func touchUp(atPoint pos : CGPoint) {
        
    }
    
    override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        
        for t in touches { self.touchDown(atPoint: t.location(in: self)) }
    }
    
    override func touchesMoved(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        for t in touches { self.touchMoved(toPoint: t.location(in: self)) }
    }
    
    override func touchesEnded(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        let touch = touches.first
        let touchLocation = touch!.location(in: self)
        
        let pausedTouchLocation = touch?.location(in: pauseMenuSprite)
        
        if sprite.contains(touchLocation) {
            print("You tapped the blue sprite")
            /*
            let alert = UIAlertController(title: "Alert", message: "Message", preferredStyle: UIAlertControllerStyle.alert)
            let action = UIAlertAction(title: "Ok", style: .default) { action in
                // Handle when button is clicked
                let reveal = SKTransition.doorsOpenVertical(withDuration: 0.5)
                let menuScene = MenuScene(size: self.size)
                self.view?.presentScene(menuScene, transition: reveal)

                
                
            }
            alert.addAction(action)
            if let vc = self.scene?.view?.window?.rootViewController {
                vc.present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
            }
            */
            
        }
        
        if sprite2.contains(touchLocation) {
            print("You tapped the purple sprite")
            
            let now = Date()
            let howLong = now.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate - timeStart.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate
            
            let reveal = SKTransition.doorsOpenVertical(withDuration: 0.5)
            let scoreScene = ScoreScene(size: self.size, score: howLong)
            self.view?.presentScene(scoreScene, transition: reveal)
        }
        
        
        /*
         *
         * START: NEW CODE
         *
         */
        if pauseMenuContinueLabel.contains(pausedTouchLocation!) {
            pauseMenuSprite.removeFromParent()
            pauseMenuSprite.removeAllChildren()
            
            gameNode.isPaused = true
        }

        
        if pauseMenuToMainMenuLabel.contains(pausedTouchLocation!) {
            let reveal = SKTransition.doorsOpenVertical(withDuration: 0.5)
            let menuScene = MenuScene(size: self.size)
            self.view?.presentScene(menuScene, transition: reveal)
        }

        
        if pauseLabel.contains(touchLocation) {
            print("pause")
            setParametersForPauseMenu(size: size)
            addChild(pauseMenuSprite)
            
            gameNode.isPaused = true
            
        }
        
        /*
         *
         * END: NEW CODE
         *
         */
        
    }
    
    override func touchesCancelled(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        for t in touches { self.touchUp(atPoint: t.location(in: self)) }
    }
    
    
    override func update(_ currentTime: TimeInterval) {
        // Called before each frame is rendered
    }
    
    /*
     *
     * START: NEW CODE
     *
     */
    func setParametersForPauseMenu(size: CGSize) {
        pauseMenuSprite.fillColor = SKColor.white
        pauseMenuSprite.alpha = 0.85
        pauseMenuSprite.position = CGPoint(x: size.width / 2, y: size.height / 2)
        pauseMenuSprite.zPosition = 100
        
        pauseMenuTitleLabel.fontColor = SKColor.black
        pauseMenuContinueLabel.fontColor = SKColor.black
        pauseMenuToMainMenuLabel.fontColor = SKColor.black
        
        
        pauseMenuTitleLabel.position = CGPoint(x: 0 ,y: size.height / 2 - pauseMenuSprite.frame.size.height / 6 )
        pauseMenuContinueLabel.position = CGPoint(x: 0 ,y: size.height / 2 - pauseMenuSprite.frame.size.height / 6 * 4 )
        pauseMenuToMainMenuLabel.position = CGPoint(x: 0 ,y:  size.height / 2 - pauseMenuSprite.frame.size.height / 6 * 5)
        
        pauseMenuSprite.addChild(pauseMenuTitleLabel)
        pauseMenuSprite.addChild(pauseMenuContinueLabel)
        pauseMenuSprite.addChild(pauseMenuToMainMenuLabel)

    }
    /*
     *
     * END: NEW CODE
     *
     */
}

最佳答案

我在游戏场景中暂停了一段时间的游戏。

正如其他几个人在评论中所建议的那样，构建一个“暂停场景”以过渡到游戏暂停和退出的时间是一种有效的解决方案。这种方法避免了您可能遇到的问题，即游戏暂停时计时器在游戏场景中触发或唤醒时动画跳过。

为了实现暂停场景，我使用了 UIViewController 的自定义子类来处理场景转换。

在我的 CustomViewController 中:

var sceneForGame: MyGameScene? //scene to handle gameplay
var paused: PauseScene? //scene to appear when paused

...

// presentPauseScene() and unpauseGame() handle the transition from game to pause and back

  func presentPauseScene() {
    //transition the outgoing scene
    let transitionFadeLength = 0.30
    let transitionFadeColor = UIColor.white
    let pauseTransition = SKTransition.fade(with: transitionFadeColor, duration: transitionFadeLength)
    pauseTransition.pausesOutgoingScene = true

    let currentSKView = view as! SKView
    currentSKView.presentScene(paused!, transition: pauseTransition)
  }

  func unpauseGame() {
    let transitionFadeLength = 0.30
    let transitionFadeColor = UIColor.white
    let unpauseTransition = SKTransition.fade(with: transitionFadeColor, duration: transitionFadeLength)
    unpauseTransition.pausesIncomingScene = false

    let currentSKView = view as! SKView
    currentSKView.presentScene(sceneForGame!, transition: unpauseTransition)
  }

在 MyGameScene 类(SKScene 的子类)中:

var parentViewController: CustomViewController?  // ref to the managing view controller 

...

   // invoke this func when you want to pause
  func setScenePause() {
    parentViewController?.presentPauseScene()
    self.isPaused = true
  }

...

// you may need a snippet like this in your game scene's didMove(toView: ) to wake up when you come back to the game
    else if self.isPaused {
      self.isPaused = false
    }

这是我的 PauseScene 实现。当用户点击暂停场景中的任何地方时，此版本将取消暂停，endGameButton 除外，它会终止当前游戏:

struct PauseNames {
  static let endGameButton = "ENDGAME"
  static let pausedButton = "PAUSE"
}

class PauseScene: SKScene {

  var center : CGPoint?
  var pauseButton: SKSpriteNode?
  var endGameButton: SKSpriteNode?
  var parentViewController: CustomViewController?

  override func didMove(to view: SKView) {
    setUpScene()
  }

  func setUpScene() {
    self.backgroundColor = SKColor.white
    self.center = CGPoint(x: self.size.width / 2, y: self.size.height / 2)
    self.isUserInteractionEnabled = false

    setUpSceneNodes()
    showPauseEndButtons()

  } // end setup scene

  func setUpSceneNodes() {
    let buttonScale: CGFloat = 0.5
    let smallButtonScale: CGFloat = 0.25

    let pauseOffset = //some CGPoint
    let endGameOffset = //some CGPoint
    pauseButton = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: PauseNames.pausedButton)
    pauseButton?.name = PauseNames.pausedButton
    pauseButton?.anchorPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 0.5)
    pauseButton?.position = self.center! + pauseOffset
    pauseButton?.alpha = 0
    pauseButton?.setScale(buttonScale)

    endGameButton = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: PauseNames.endGameButton)
    endGameButton?.name = PauseNames.pausedButton
    endGameButton?.anchorPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 0.5)
    endGameButton?.position = self.center! + endGameOffset
    endGameButton?.alpha = 0
    endGameButton?.setScale(smallButtonScale)
  }

  func showPauseEndButtons() {
    let buttonFadeInTime = 0.25
    let pauseDelay = 1.0

    self.addChild(pauseButton!)
    self.addChild(endGameButton!)

    pauseButton?.run(SKAction.fadeIn(withDuration: buttonFadeInTime))
    endGameButton?.run(SKAction.fadeIn(withDuration: buttonFadeInTime))
    self.run(SKAction.sequence([
      SKAction.wait(forDuration: pauseDelay),
      SKAction.run{ self.isUserInteractionEnabled = true }]))
  }

  func endGamePressed() {
    // add confrim logic
    parentViewController?.endGame()
  }

  func unpausePress() {
    parentViewController?.unpauseGame()
  }

  override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
    for touch in touches {
      let touchLocation = touch.location(in: self)

      if endGameButton!.contains(touchLocation) {
        endGamePressed()
        return
      }
      else {
        unpausePress()
      }

    } // end for each touch
  } // end touchesBegan

  override func update(_ currentTime: TimeInterval) {
    /* Called before each frame is rendered */
  }

} //end class PauseScene

(pauseButton 在这个版本中更像是一个通知用户暂停状态的横幅)

关于ios - swift 3 : Making a Pause Menu in SpriteKit by overlaying a SKView?，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41845337/