我可以测试retrofit2beta4 的真实 react 吗？我需要 Mockito 还是 Robolectic？

我的项目中没有 Activity ，它将是一个库，我需要测试服务器是否正确响应。 现在我有这样的代码并卡住了......

@Mock
ApiManager apiManager;

@Captor
private ArgumentCaptor<ApiCallback<Void>> cb;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    apiManager = ApiManager.getInstance();
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}

@Test
public void test_login() {
    Mockito.verify(apiManager)
           .loginUser(Mockito.eq(login), Mockito.eq(pass), cb.capture());
    // cb.getValue();
    // assertEquals(cb.getValue().isError(), false);
}

我可以做出虚假的回应，但我需要测试真实的。是成功吗？身材对吗？ 你能帮我写代码吗？

最佳答案

测试真实的服务器请求通常不是一个好主意。见 this blog post有关该主题的有趣讨论。根据作者的说法，使用你的真实服务器是一个问题，因为:

• Another moving piece that can intermittently fail
• Requires some expertise outside of the Android domain to deploy the server and keep it updated
• Difficult to trigger error/edge cases
• Slow test execution (still making HTTP calls)

您可以通过使用模拟服务器(例如 OkHttp 的 MockWebServer)来避免上述所有问题。模拟真实的响应结果。例如:

@Test
public void test() throws IOException {
    MockWebServer mockWebServer = new MockWebServer();

    Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl(mockWebServer.url("").toString())
            //TODO Add your Retrofit parameters here
            .build();

    //Set a response for retrofit to handle. You can copy a sample
    //response from your server to simulate a correct result or an error.
    //MockResponse can also be customized with different parameters
    //to match your test needs
    mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("your json body"));

    YourRetrofitService service = retrofit.create(YourRetrofitService.class);

    //With your service created you can now call its method that should 
    //consume the MockResponse above. You can then use the desired
    //assertion to check if the result is as expected. For example:
    Call<YourObject> call = service.getYourObject();
    assertTrue(call.execute() != null);

    //Finish web server
    mockWebServer.shutdown();
}

如果您需要模拟网络延迟，您可以按如下方式自定义您的响应:

MockResponse response = new MockResponse()
    .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
    .addHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
    .setBody("{}");
response.throttleBody(1024, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

或者，您可以使用 MockRetrofit 和 NetworkBehavior 来模拟 API 响应。见 here如何使用它的示例。

最后，如果您只想测试改造服务，最简单的方法是创建它的模拟版本，为您的测试发出模拟结果。例如，如果您有以下 GitHub 服务接口(interface):

public interface GitHub {
    @GET("/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors")
    Call<List<Contributor>> contributors(
        @Path("owner") String owner,
        @Path("repo") String repo);
}

然后您可以为您的测试创建以下 MockGitHub:

public class MockGitHub implements GitHub {
    private final BehaviorDelegate<GitHub> delegate;
    private final Map<String, Map<String, List<Contributor>>> ownerRepoContributors;

    public MockGitHub(BehaviorDelegate<GitHub> delegate) {
        this.delegate = delegate;
        ownerRepoContributors = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        // Seed some mock data.
        addContributor("square", "retrofit", "John Doe", 12);
        addContributor("square", "retrofit", "Bob Smith", 2);
        addContributor("square", "retrofit", "Big Bird", 40);
        addContributor("square", "picasso", "Proposition Joe", 39);
        addContributor("square", "picasso", "Keiser Soze", 152);
    }

    @Override public Call<List<Contributor>> contributors(String owner, String repo) {
        List<Contributor> response = Collections.emptyList();
        Map<String, List<Contributor>> repoContributors = ownerRepoContributors.get(owner);
        if (repoContributors != null) {
            List<Contributor> contributors = repoContributors.get(repo);
            if (contributors != null) {
                response = contributors;
            }
        }
        return delegate.returningResponse(response).contributors(owner, repo);
    }
}

然后，您可以在测试中使用 MockGitHub 来模拟您正在寻找的响应类型。有关完整示例，请参阅 SimpleService 的实现。和 SimpleMockService为此Retrofit example .

说了这么多，如果你绝对必须连接到实际的服务器，你可以将 Retrofit 设置为与自定义 ImmediateExecutor 同步工作:

public class ImmediateExecutor implements Executor {
    @Override public void execute(Runnable command) {
        command.run();
    }
}

然后将其应用到您在构建 Retrofit 时使用的 OkHttpClient:

OkHttpClient client = OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .dispatcher(new Dispatcher(new ImmediateExecutor()))
        .build();

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
        .client(client)
        //Your params
        .build();

关于使用 Retrofit2 和 Mockito 或 Robolectric 进行 Android 单元测试，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35748656/